impacts from the regulations will be on diesel wholesale margins , which increase from an average of 43 cents per gallon ( gal ) in 2018 to 48 cents / gal in 2019 and then to 65 cents / gal in 2020 . Because of the numerous and diverse set of decision makers involved in complying with the regulation and the global nature of the regulation , significant uncertainty exists about the forecast outcomes of the regulation .
U . S . regular gasoline retail prices will average $ 2.47 / gal in 2019 and $ 2.62 / gal in 2020 in EIA ’ s forecast , which would be a decrease from an average of $ 2.73 / gal in 2018 . b / d in 2018 and EIA expects they will grow by 0.2 million b / d in 2019 and by 0.4 million b / d in 2020 .
After increasing by 2.8 % in 2018 , EIA forecasts that energy-related carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) emissions will fall by 1.2 % in
2019 and by 0.8 % in 2020 . The declines reflect a forecast of more typical weather compared with 2018 and shifts in fuel use . Energy-related CO2 emissions are sensitive to changes in weather , economic growth , energy prices , and fuel mix .
EIA estimates that U . S . crude oil production averaged 10.9 million b / d in 2018 … reaching its highest level and seeing its largest volume growth on record .
EIA estimates that U . S . crude oil production averaged 10.9 million b / d in 2018 , up 1.6 million b / d from 2017 , reaching its highest level and seeing its largest volume growth on record . EIA forecasts U . S . crude oil production to average 12.1 million b / d in 2019 and 12.9 million b / d in 2020 , with most of the growth coming from the Permian region of Texas and New Mexico .
U . S . crude oil and petroleum product net imports are estimated to have fallen from an average of 3.8 million b / d in 2017 to an average of 2.4 million b / d in 2018 . EIA estimates that the United States briefly was a net exporter of crude oil and petroleum products in November 2018 . EIA forecasts that net imports will continue to fall to an average of 1.1 million b / d in 2019 , and to less than 0.1 million b / d in 2020 . In the fourth quarter of 2020 , EIA forecasts the United States will be a net exporter of crude oil and petroleum products , by about 0.9 million b / d .
Global liquid fuels end-of-year inventories grew by an estimated 0.4 million www . fueloilnews . com | FUEL OIL NEWS | FEBRUARY 2019 11